
Petain: How the Hero of France Became a Convicted Traitor and Changed the Course of History
by Charles Williams

After reading this book, I certainly know more about the sex life of Henri-Philippe Petain then I ever expected I would. But then when an author is writing about a man who sleeps with every woman he can, including the widows of the officers that died under his command, it is a hard subject to avoid. Petain was a hero to all of France after World War I and a traitor after World War II. We can easily think of many men who died too young, John Kennedy, Will Rogers, Buddy Holly. DeGaulle suggested that Petain died too old.
If Petain had died in 1920 he would be remembered as one of the greatest heroes of France, having saved the French army at Verdun in 1916, ended the mutiny of 1917, and stopped the German spring offensive of 1918. Already in his sixties when the war ended (he had been prepared to retire when the war started), Petain lived for 33 more years giving him time to become attracted to the idea of a dictatorship. He was fascinated by Francisco Franco and believed that the only thing that could save France was a single person in power, with himself as that person, of course. When France fell in 1940, Petain signed the Armistice to end the fighting and took up the dictatorship of Vichy France. While there, he let the Jews be deported, let the Nazis take French citizens as slave labor, he fought to stop the Resistance, and created a secret police to control his citizens.
Which leads to my major complaint with the book, that it is much to sympathetic to Petain. The author frequently falls back on Petain’s age as being a factor or that Petain thought that he was needed to rescue France from the occupation. The one word that the author fails to use that describes Petain best is narcissist. No one could have possibly had a higher opinion of Petain than Petain. His mistakes were the faults of others. His triumphs were all his alone. Only he could save France. Resigning in the face of Nazi atrocities would destroy France. At the same time he was easily swayed by the last argument he heard on an issue. So it wasn’t his policies that mattered to him since he really had none that he held intensely.
I have other complaints as well. The book could have used some maps. Describing the pitch and flow of battles running across the French countryside without having a good idea of where this river or this town is located makes it hard to follow the story. The pictures included were insufficient as they are almost exclusively of Petain. The author describes a picture of Nini (Petain’s wife), but does not include the picture. The many people moving in and out of the story could have used brief biographies. It is hard to keep track of a person mentioned on one page who disappears for thirty pages but then is an important part of the continuing story. The final chapters of Petain’s trial for treason and his imprisonment are simply too long. I really didn’t need to know that at 90, Petain was having issues with incontinence. More detail about why the French government felt unable to move Petain to a military hospital would have been more helpful than gossip about Petain’s final days.
Overall, the book is a readable biography of Petain. It certainly isn’t a great book and had too many failings to make me truly enjoy it. I know more about Petain than when I started the book but I still feel that Petain himself is in the mist.
Tags: Henri Philippe Petain, book reviews, hero, traitor